Covers living and non-living elements of ecosystems, food chains, webs and pyramids, interactions within ecosystems, biodiversity and kingdoms, investigations t

The objective of this paper is to provide a global review of the non-wood uses of conifers. For the purposes of this paper, conifers are defined as trees and sh

''Required reading for forest scientists.'' -Northeastern Naturalist

Covers elements of alpine and lowland ecosystems, the role of wind, cold, snow and permafrost, animal and plant survival techniques, tundra food chains and food