Traditional plant physiological ecology is organism centered and provides a useful framework for understanding the interactions between plants and their environ

Introduction: question of scale; Integrating spatial patterns; Leaf to ecosystem elvel integration; Scalling water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange from leaves

Unlocking the puzzle of how animals behave and how they interact with their environments is impossible without understanding the physiological processes that de

capable of providing at least a relative measure of stomatal aperture were first used shortly thereafter (Darwin and Pertz, 1911). The Carnegie Institution of W

Process-based models open the way to useful predictions of the future growth rate of forests and provide a means of assessing the probable effects of variations