Process-based models open the way to useful predictions of the future growth rate of forests and provide a means of assessing the probable effects of variations

Process rates and weather. Stand structure and microclimate. The carbon balance of leaves. The carbon balance of trees. Nutrient dynamics and tree growth. Water

Forest management is a complex process that now incorporates information obtained from many sources. It is increasingly obvious that the physiological status of

This textbook is remarkable for emphasising that the mechanisms underlying plant physiological ecology can be found at the levels of biochemistry, biophysics, m

In the European Alps the importance of forests as protection against ava lanches and soil erosion is becoming ever clearer with the continuing increase in popul