How do financial market conditions affect real economic performance? Empirical investigations of this question have often relied on measures of external financi

Contents: (1) Overview: Financial Architecture; Economic Performance; (2) The Financial Crisis and the European Union; (3) Phase I ¿ Build-up; (4) Phase II ¿

The challenge in the post crisis world is how business, government and academia come together to foster conditions for sustainable economic development. Underst

This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since ma