John II Komnenos was born into an empire on the brink of destruction, with his father Alexios barely preserving the empire in the face of civil wars and invasio

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study is to give a brief account of the life of John II Komnenos, his reign and to clarify the events and causes sur

The Emperor John II Komnenos (1118–1143) has been overshadowed by both his father Alexios I and his son Manuel I. Written sources have not left us much eviden