Filing petitions to the ruler was a common practice in the history of the Middle East. But despite its social and political importance, the institution of mazal

The relationship between Islamic law and society is an important issue in Iran under the Islamic Republic. Although Islamic law was a pivotal element in the tra

Iran s interaction with its neighbours is a topic of wide interest. But while many historical studies of the country concentrate purely on political events and

Completed in 1938, the Trans-Iranian Railway connected Tehran to Iran's two major bodies of water: the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the sout

E.G. Browne relates this story in his A Year amongst the Persians in orderto demonstrate the gross ignorance which sometimes characterises [amulls] decisions. T