A rigorous analysis of the relationship between proportionality and deference under the Human Rights Act.

Proportionality is used by the UK Courts when reviewing the Convention-compatibility of the activities of the other branches of government. There are two relate

The courts use the proportionality test to assess the Convention-compatibility of the full range of government action, from administrative decisions to primary

The margin of appreciation is a judicial doctrine whereby international courts allow states to have a measure of diversity in their interpretation of human righ

To speak of human rights in the twenty-first century is to speak of proportionality. Proportionality has been received into the constitutional doctrine of court