As a fabrication technology, welding presents a number of technical challenges to the designer, manufacturer, and end-user of the welded structures. Both weld r

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a highly important and recently developed joining technology that produces a solid phase bond. It uses a rotating tool to generat

The intense temperature fields caused by heat sources in welding frequently lead to distortions and residual stresses in the finished product. Welding distortio

Generally, welding produces welding deformation and residual stress in the products, which influences the quality and performance of the products. Although many

Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics: Proceedings of the 2013 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of e