Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mamm

Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locat

Stress can alter adaptive behaviors and also either enhance or diminish learning, memory formation, and/or memory recall. We focus our studies on how environmen

Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mec

Individual recognition is often considered a cognitively challenging form of recognition because it requires flexible learning and memory. Because Polistes pape