Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two differe

Natural Decadal Climate Variability: Societal Impacts is an important work for understanding the natural decadal climate variability (DCV), a phenomenon which h

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and unde

Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that clima

A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Prov